Skip to content
Council Discourse

NYC Council meetings, chaptered and linked by time.

Created by Uzair Qadir

Inspired by Vikram Oberoi's City Meetings

Q&A

Gennaro and staff discuss EMS retention, training costs, and pay parity

New York City Council · Jun 1, 2026 · starts 6:02:59 · 6 min 40 sec

Councilmember Gennaro asks about EMS retention, with staff reporting 10.9% attrition last year and 14.3% annualized this year, with about 25% of EMS workforce shifting to fire during promotion cycles. Staff detail training costs: $41,000 per EMT, $130,000 per paramedic, and explain how pay parity would reduce costly turnover.

James F. Gennaro

All right.

James F. Gennaro

Thank you for being here.

James F. Gennaro

I wanted to return to the question about EMS retention and the career pipeline there.

James F. Gennaro

One of the challenges you've already alluded to is significant workforce turnover and difficulties with both recruitment and retention for EMS.

James F. Gennaro

What percent of EMS are leaving each year and what percent of those leaving are heading to the FDM or to FIRE?

Speaker

Yes.

Speaker

So the attrition rate last year was about 10.9%.

Speaker

And the annualized attrition rate for this year is about 14.3%.

Speaker

That's much higher than it would be in a year in which there weren't firefighter promos.

Speaker

So in years without firefighter promos, the attrition rate is closer to 7% or 8%.

James F. Gennaro

Okay, so you roughly what percent would you say is converting to FDNY roles?

James F. Gennaro

Seven?

Speaker

Converting to FDNY to firefighter?

Speaker

During a promotion cycle, which is multiple classes, they're all coming from a promo list so they go consecutively.

Speaker

We will shift about 25% of the EMS workforce from EMS into fire.

James F. Gennaro

And what percent of the incoming firefighter academy class then would be from EMT or EMS?

Speaker

It'll be a promotion class for the most part.

Speaker

So that entire group of people who left EMS will end up being the probationary class in the fire academy.

James F. Gennaro

And is the training different or the same?

James F. Gennaro

For those two roles?

Speaker

Well, there are different focuses, right?

Speaker

So, you know, we're the...

Speaker

People coming from EMS have been certified as EMTs or paramedics, and they're required to recertify their EMT and paramedics every four years in order to maintain their positions.

Speaker

Once they go into the fire academy, then they're taught firematics, and they're taught firefighting, you know,

Speaker

curriculum.

Speaker

You can talk a little bit more about what you're teaching them, but it is specific to the job that they're doing.

Speaker

But when it comes to an operational perspective, once they've moved over from EMS to fire, outside of the CFR engine,

Speaker

They are no longer doing EMT level or paramedic level work.

Speaker

They're doing firefighting work, which is the stuff that they learned in the fire academy.

Speaker

The current PROVY class that we have in the fire academy is all EMS promotions.

Speaker

Later in the year, we'll hire another class that

Speaker

60 to 70% will be EMS promotions.

Speaker

And then what they learn in the fire academy, whether you came from EMS or not, the curriculum is the same, and it's all about firefighting operations that EMS does not currently have and do.

Speaker

And just so we're clear, once those folks become firefighters, they're no longer working on an ambulance in any way.

Speaker

So they're not able to go across.

Speaker

Cross from fire to EMS.

James F. Gennaro

So asking both questions together, one is have you considered if it'd be more cost effective to close that promotional pathway if the training is different?

James F. Gennaro

And then the other is what role EMS compensation and increasing that compensation plays and if that would be more cost effective than continuously investing in recruiting and

James F. Gennaro

trying to retrain or train new people if you're cycling out 10 to 14 percent.

Speaker

Right, so there has been lots of discussion about the promotion pathway from EMS to fire because it does take such a large chunk of EMS at one

Speaker

one date range and put them into another area of the department.

Speaker

However, because of that promotion process, people come to EMS.

Speaker

So in order to be eligible for a promotion, you have to work at EMS for four years.

Speaker

So what generally happens is somebody who wants to be a firefighter will come in through EMS, spend their four years at EMS, and then look to promote into fire.

Speaker

So if I were to close that promotion process, that...

Speaker

That segment of people that come to EMS to become firefighters.

Speaker

We know law

Speaker

longer have a reason to come to EMS to become firefighters.

Speaker

So without there being some significant compensation so that if you were an EMT or a paramedic, you can make the choice as to whether you want to stay in EMS or become a firefighter.

Speaker

That's the pay parity part, right?

Speaker

If the money was in place so that people didn't have to leave EMS to go to fire to make more money,

Speaker

then the expectation is those people would stay in EMS and we would have to train far fewer people

Speaker

because right now we're training constantly and it's pretty costly to continue to train, to move people from one area of the department to the other area of the department.

James F. Gennaro

And just to close out, I know I'm out of time, but do you have an estimate of what those costs are on recruiting and training?

Speaker

Yeah, so for EMT, it costs $41,000 to train a coming in the door, a new employee, EMT.

Speaker

For a paramedic, it costs $130,000.

Speaker

And we train our EMTs to be paramedics.

Speaker

So there are people that work for us who are being upgraded to paramedic.

Speaker

That's $130,000.

Speaker

For refresher training, which is what happens every four years,

Speaker

For an EMT, it's $6,300.

Speaker

And for a medic, it's $9,000.

Speaker

So...

Speaker

Essentially, we would save money if we were able to keep people longer than having to keep bringing them in at the entry level.

Speaker

Thank you.

Speaker

Thank you.