Skip to content
Council Discourse

NYC Council meetings, chaptered and linked by time.

Created by Uzair Qadir

Inspired by Vikram Oberoi's City Meetings

Q&A

Councilmember Morano questions judge assignments and criminal law experience

New York City Council · Jun 25, 2026 · starts 0:42:34 · 2 min 49 sec

Morano raises concerns about civil court judges without criminal law experience being assigned to criminal court, especially arraignment parts. Zayas says criminal law experience is weighted heavily and such assignments only happen when no other option exists.

Frank Morano

One thing that I think Staten Islanders who, and Manhattanites, for instance, may share the same objection is that someone who's elected

Frank Morano

as a civil court judge on Staten Island because of their expertise in criminal court, in civil court issues and things like that, ends up hearing criminal cases in Manhattan.

Frank Morano

The Manhattanite who ends up appearing before this judge may not be voting for that person and may not want them deciding cases.

Frank Morano

And the Staten Islander that elected a civil court judge may not want that person hearing criminal concerns.

Frank Morano

And one concern I hear from practitioners is that not every judge assigned to criminal court has substantial criminal law experience or even sought that assignment.

Frank Morano

How does OCA determine who serves in criminal court, particularly in arraignment parts where judges make critical release decisions?

Frank Morano

Should criminal law experience receive greater weight in those assignments?

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

Yes, absolutely.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

So, yeah, and they do.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

But the question is, what do we do when we don't have enough criminal law?

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

Experienced lower court judges to sit in those parts.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

So I think most recently a civil court judge in Staten Island was elected, but that civil court judge had

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

criminal law experience, was a former prosecutor or defense attorney, and naturally that's where we put him, not in civil court, but in criminal.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

I will say this.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

I was a practitioner for nine years doing exclusively criminal cases, and I then got hired as a law clerk and then did exclusively civil cases.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

Smart lawyers can make that adjustment.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

And so, and I'm not saying this, you know, criminal law is, you know, rocket science, but I think that people who practice law can make that adjustment, you know, that we typically would assign a mentor to those.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

And it's only done, so we would only put a civil court judge who has no criminal law experience in a criminal part when there is no

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

other option.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

So for example, in typically in these transition years when a new mayor comes into office,

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

there is a shortage of judges because that new mayor now has to create a new committee and has to vet the applicants.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

And so there's always this sort of one-year delay where we're short on judges.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

And so that might happen mostly in those transition years after a new mayor is elected.