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Agency Testimony

Judge Zayas on plea bargaining and prosecutorial practices

New York City Council · Jun 25, 2026 · starts 0:18:11 · 59 sec

Zayas notes 98% of criminal convictions result from guilty pleas, yet prosecutors often don't make plea offers timely, and calls for district attorneys to commit to earlier plea bargaining in most cases.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

This brings me to the next point.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

In New York, 98% of criminal convictions are the result of guilty pleas, not trials.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

Whatever the downsides of this state of affairs, the fact is that a very small percentage of criminal cases are tried.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

Nevertheless, in many cases in New York City, including many relatively straightforward cases, prosecutors do not make plea offers in a timely manner.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

While there may be strategic reasons for the defense to tolerate or even encourage delay, that is almost never true for prosecutors.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

From the perspective of prosecutors, criminal cases typically do not get better with age.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

But judges do not control plea bargaining.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

Prosecutors do.

Judge Joseph A. Zayas

So another issue that I hope will be discussed today is whether our district attorneys will commit to engaging in plea bargaining earlier in most cases.